Khalidi R. The hundred years’ war on palestine: A history of settler colonialism and Resistance, 1917–2017. New York: Metropolitan Books; 2020.
Pappé I. The ethnic cleansing of Palestine. Oxford: Oneworld; 2006.
United Nations. The question of Palestine and the united nations. New York: UN Department of Public Information; 2008.
U.S. Congressional research Service. U.S. Foreign aid to Israel. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service; 2023.
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Gaza strip: reported impact snapshot | Gaza strip (1 October 2025). New York: UN OCHA; October 2025. 2.
World Health Organization. Gaza hostilities 2023 / 2024 – emergency situation Reports. oPt emergency situation update. 10 ed. Eastern Mediterranean Region WHO; September 2025.
United Nations Press Release. News. Hospitals have become battlegrounds: Gaza’s health system on brink of collapse. New York: UN News; January 2025. 3.
Medical Aid for Palestinians. Gaza’s healthcare workers under attack: systematic targeting of medical personnel. London: MAP; 2025.
World Food Programme. Risk of famine across all of Gaza, new report says. Rome: WFP; 2025.
World Health Organization Press Release. People in Gaza starving, sick and dying as aid Blockade continues. 12 ed. Geneva: WHO; May 2025.
Hanbali L, Kwong EJ, Neilson A, Smith J, Hafez S, Khoury R. Israeli necropolitics and the pursuit of health justice in Palestine. BMJ Global Health. 2024;9(2):e014942.
Google Scholar
United Nations Press Release. In. Gaza, mounting evidence of famine and widespread starvation. 29 ed. New York: UN News; July 2025.
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Gaza Strip: Acute Food Insecurity and Acute Malnutrition – IPC Special Snapshot – September 2024-April 2025. New York: UN OCHA; 17th October 2024.
World Health Organization Press Release. Famine confirmed for first time in Gaza. Geneva: WHO; 22nd August 2025.
United Nations Relief and Works Agency. UNRWA situation report #169 on the humanitarian crisis in the Gaza strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. Amman: UNRWA; 2025.
Médecins Sans Frontières Doctors without Borders Press Release. Gaza: Critical medical supplies are running out. Paris; 1st April 2025.
Médecins Sans Frontières News Release. Dozens of Palestinians massacred at US-Israel backed food distribution sites. 1 ed. Geneva: MSF; June 2025.
American Near East Refugee Aid (ANERA). Why the new Gaza humanitarian foundation aid model fails everyone. 28 ed. Washington, DC: ANERA; May 2025.
United Nations Press Release. Gaza: 875 people confirmed dead trying to source food in recent weeks. 15 ed. New York: UN News; July 2025.
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. UN experts call for immediate dismantling of Gaza humanitarian foundation. 5 ed. Geneva: OHCHR; August 2025.
Médecins Sans Frontières Press Release. Dehumanising and ineffective militarisation of aid in Gaza. 30 ed. Geneva: MSF; May 2025.
Dardona Z, Amane M, Dardona A, Boussaa S. Health and environmental impacts of Gaza conflict (2023–2024): A systematic review. One Health Bull. 2025;5(1):1–12.
Google Scholar
United Nations Relief and Works Agency. UNRWA situation report #168 on the humanitarian crisis in the Gaza strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. Amman: UNRWA; 2025.
Hussein S, Ahmed SK, Qurbani K, Fareeq A, Essa RA. Infectious diseases threat amidst the war in Gaza. J Med Surg Public Health. 2024;2:100067.
Google Scholar
Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia. Detection of poliovirus in Gaza sewage samples July 23. Riyadh: MOH; 2023.
Oxfam America. Less than 7% of pre-conflict water levels available to Rafah and north Gaza, worsening a health catastrophe. 18 ed. Boston: Oxfam America; February 2025.
Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics News Release. The world environment day: almost total collapse of water and sanitation sector in Gaza strip. 5 ed. Ramallah: PCBS; June 2025.
Joseph L. Israel’s bombing of Gaza caused untold environmental damage – recovery will take effort and time. The Conversation; 2025.
Moghnieh R, Bizri N, Abdallah D, Sayegh MH. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance and trends in armed conflict, fragile, and non-conflict countries of the Eastern mediterranean region. Infect Dis Poverty. 2025;14(1):14.
Google Scholar
World Bank Economic Monitoring Report. Impacts of the conflict in the middle East on the Palestinian economy. World Bank Group; 2024.
Al-Riffai P. The economic and social costs of the war in Gaza. Atlantic Council; 2024.
Ozili PK. Impact of the Israel-Hamas war on the global economy. Munich Personal RePEc Archive; 2025; MPRA Paper 123297.
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Trends in international arms Transfers, 2024. Stockholm: SIPRI; 2025.
Bellis MA, Jones L, Tucker J, Muggah R, Hughes K, Smith E, Ford K, Feder G. Weapons of influence: tactics of a growing global arms industry and needed health actions. BMJ. 2025;390:e086167.
Google Scholar
Centre for Strategic and Contemporary Research. Ordnance & Advocacy: AIPAC’s Arms Pipeline to Israel. 4 ed. Islamabad: CSCR; July 2025.
International Committee of the Red Cross. Respecting and protecting health care in armed conflicts and in situations not covered by international humanitarian law. Geneva: ICRC; 2012.
United Nations. Gaza: UN health agency urges rapid scale-up of medevacs as thousands remain in critical condition. New York: UN News; 2025.
World Health Organization. Health systems resilience. Geneva: WHO; n.d.
Bhatt J, Bathija P. Ensuring access to quality health care in vulnerable communities. Acad Med. 2018;93(9):1271–5.
Google Scholar
National Academy of Medicine, Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework for the Future. The neglected dimension of global security: a framework to counter infectious disease crisis. Washington: National Academies; 2015.
United Nations Environment Programme. Responding to disasters and conflict. Nairobi: UNEP; 2024.